Horse-drawn carriages, called “calèches,” are an integral part of Québec City’s history. From colonial times to the era of the automobile, the carriage was the preferred means of getting around town. Initially two-wheeled, it gradually evolved into a four-wheeled model in the 20th century. Uncovered in nice weather, calèches were fitted with a soft leather roof that could be folded out to protect passengers from the elements. In winter, runners turned the carriage into a sled that could be used on snow and ice. Horses were useful for clearing snow, fighting fires and policing neighbourhoods. Gradually replaced over the century by the automobile, horse-drawn carriages have nonetheless retained their appeal for tourists.
John E. Walsh
Horse-drawn carriages take centre stage in this winter scene of the frozen St. Lawrence River. At the time, an ice bridge was formed when winter conditions permitted, making it possible to take a horse-drawn carriage between Québec City and Lévis. This facilitated trade. The carriages’ wheels would be replaced by runners to ease travel over the ice.
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